Skip to main content
checklist25 min readUpdated: March 2024

Complete WCAG 2.1 AA Checklist for Web Accessibility

A comprehensive checklist covering all WCAG 2.1 Level A and AA success criteria with practical testing guidance.

Principle 1: Perceivable

Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive. This means content must be available to at least one of their senses.

1

1.1.1 Non-text Content (A): All non-text content has text alternatives that serve the same purpose

2

1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (A): Alternatives provided for prerecorded audio-only and video-only content

3

1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded) (A): Captions provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized media

4

1.2.3 Audio Description or Media Alternative (A): Alternative or audio description provided for prerecorded video

5

1.2.4 Captions (Live) (AA): Captions provided for all live audio content in synchronized media

6

1.2.5 Audio Description (Prerecorded) (AA): Audio description provided for all prerecorded video content

7

1.3.1 Info and Relationships (A): Information and relationships conveyed through presentation can be programmatically determined

8

1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence (A): Correct reading sequence can be programmatically determined

9

1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics (A): Instructions don't rely solely on sensory characteristics

10

1.3.4 Orientation (AA): Content not restricted to single display orientation

11

1.3.5 Identify Input Purpose (AA): Input field purposes can be programmatically determined

12

1.4.1 Use of Color (A): Color is not the only visual means of conveying information

13

1.4.2 Audio Control (A): Mechanism to pause or stop audio that plays automatically

14

1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) (AA): Text has contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 (3:1 for large text)

15

1.4.4 Resize Text (AA): Text can be resized up to 200% without loss of content or functionality

16

1.4.5 Images of Text (AA): Text used rather than images of text where possible

17

1.4.10 Reflow (AA): Content can reflow without horizontal scrolling at 320px width

18

1.4.11 Non-text Contrast (AA): UI components and graphics have 3:1 contrast ratio

19

1.4.12 Text Spacing (AA): No loss of content when text spacing is adjusted

20

1.4.13 Content on Hover or Focus (AA): Additional content appearing on hover/focus is dismissible, hoverable, and persistent

Principle 2: Operable

User interface components and navigation must be operable. Users must be able to operate the interface regardless of the input method they use.

1

2.1.1 Keyboard (A): All functionality available from keyboard

2

2.1.2 No Keyboard Trap (A): Keyboard focus can be moved away from any component

3

2.1.4 Character Key Shortcuts (A): Single-key shortcuts can be turned off or remapped

4

2.2.1 Timing Adjustable (A): Time limits can be turned off, adjusted, or extended

5

2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide (A): Moving, blinking, scrolling, or auto-updating content can be controlled

6

2.3.1 Three Flashes or Below (A): No content flashes more than three times per second

7

2.4.1 Bypass Blocks (A): Mechanism to bypass blocks of repeated content

8

2.4.2 Page Titled (A): Pages have descriptive titles

9

2.4.3 Focus Order (A): Focus order preserves meaning and operability

10

2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context) (A): Link purpose determinable from link text or context

11

2.4.5 Multiple Ways (AA): More than one way to locate pages within a site

12

2.4.6 Headings and Labels (AA): Headings and labels describe topic or purpose

13

2.4.7 Focus Visible (AA): Keyboard focus indicator is visible

14

2.5.1 Pointer Gestures (A): Multi-point or path-based gestures have alternatives

15

2.5.2 Pointer Cancellation (A): Single-pointer functions can be cancelled

16

2.5.3 Label in Name (A): Accessible name contains visible label text

17

2.5.4 Motion Actuation (A): Motion-triggered functions have alternatives and can be disabled

Principle 3: Understandable

Information and the operation of the user interface must be understandable. Content must be readable and predictable, with input assistance provided.

1

3.1.1 Language of Page (A): Default language of page is programmatically determined

2

3.1.2 Language of Parts (AA): Language of parts differing from page language is identified

3

3.2.1 On Focus (A): Components don't change context when receiving focus

4

3.2.2 On Input (A): Changing settings doesn't cause change of context unless user is advised

5

3.2.3 Consistent Navigation (AA): Navigation mechanisms occur in same relative order

6

3.2.4 Consistent Identification (AA): Components with same function are identified consistently

7

3.3.1 Error Identification (A): Input errors are identified and described to user

8

3.3.2 Labels or Instructions (A): Labels or instructions provided for user input

9

3.3.3 Error Suggestion (AA): Suggestions provided when input errors are detected

10

3.3.4 Error Prevention (Legal, Financial, Data) (AA): Submissions are reversible, verified, or confirmed

Principle 4: Robust

Content must be robust enough to be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies.

1

4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (A): All UI components have accessible name and role; states and values are programmatically set

2

4.1.3 Status Messages (AA): Status messages can be programmatically determined without receiving focus

How to Use This Checklist

This checklist covers all WCAG 2.1 Level A and AA success criteria. Work through each criterion systematically, testing each page template and major feature. Use automated testing tools like A11yScan for approximately 30% of criteria, but remember that most criteria require manual testing. Document your testing methodology and results for each criterion.

Put This Knowledge Into Practice

Use A11yScan to test your website against WCAG standards automatically.

Start Free Scan

Frequently Asked Questions

How many WCAG 2.1 AA criteria are there?

WCAG 2.1 Level AA conformance requires meeting 50 success criteria: 30 at Level A and 20 at Level AA. This checklist covers all 50 criteria required for AA conformance.

Can I automate WCAG testing?

Approximately 30% of WCAG criteria can be fully automated, 30% can be partially automated with human review, and 40% require manual testing. Use automated tools like A11yScan as a starting point.

How long does a WCAG audit take?

A thorough WCAG 2.1 AA audit of a typical website (10-50 page templates) takes 20-40 hours. Complex applications may require 100+ hours. Regular automated scanning reduces manual effort significantly.

Is this checklist the same as an audit?

This checklist guides testing but an audit requires systematic testing, documentation, and often remediation guidance. A11yScan provides comprehensive audit capabilities with this checklist's testing integrated.

More Resources

statistics

Web Accessibility Lawsuit Statistics 2024: Complete Analysis

guide

ADA Website Requirements 2024: Complete Compliance Guide

tutorial

Complete Screen Reader Testing Guide for Accessibility

statistics

2024 Accessibility Lawsuit Trends: What the Data Shows

guide

2025 Accessibility Litigation Predictions: What to Expect

guide

What to Do If You Receive an Accessibility Demand Letter | A11yscan

guide

Why WCAG Accessibility Overlays Fail | A11yscan

guide

Accessibility as Enterprise Risk Management: 2024-2025 Analysis

guide

Accessibility Statement: Legal & User Importance

statistics

ADA Website Lawsuits Surge 37% in 2025: Legal Risks, Trends, and Business Impact | A11yscan

guide

The ADA & Your Website: Legal Requirements in 2025

guide

ADA Title III & Web Accessibility: What You Need to Know | A11yscan

guide

Alt Text That Actually Works: Writing for Screen Readers

guide

AODA: Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act | A11yscan

guide

AODA: Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act | A11yscan

guide

ARIA Labels & Semantic HTML: Building for Screen Readers

guide

Accessibility Conformance Reports (ACRs): Legal Guide

guide

The CEO\'s Guide to ADA Compliance - A11yscan Blog

guide

Corporate Legal Risk: Your Website Might Be Your Biggest Liability

guide

How to Document Website Accessibility Barriers

guide

E-Commerce Accessibility: Why Your JavaScript Catalog Is Breaking Millions of Sales

guide

Focus Management & Tab Order: Fixing Keyboard Navigation

guide

Forms & Input Accessibility: The #1 ADA Violation

guide

Remediation vs. Retrofit vs. Rebuild: Strategic Accessibility

guide

Restaurant Websites & Accessibility: Why Beautiful Menus Fail

guide

Accessibility Audits: What a Proper Audit Includes

guide

TikTok\'s Captions: How Social Media Accidentally Normalized Accessibility

statistics

WCAG Lawsuit Legal Terms: Standing, Nexus, Harm & Damages

guide

California Web Accessibility Laws: Unruh Act, AB 434, AB 1757 | A11yscan

guide

Color Contrast: The Foundation of Visual Accessibility

guide

Designing for Blind Users: Screen Reader Accessibility

guide

Designing for Cognitive Disabilities: Clear & Simple Navigation

guide

Designing for Deaf Users: Audio Accessibility

guide

Designing for Low Vision Users: Vision Accessibility

guide

Designing for Motor Disabilities: Keyboard & Switch Access

guide

Designing for Neurodivergent Users: Accessibility Beyond Disability

guide

Your Rights as a Person with Disabilities: Web Accessibility Protections

guide

Div Soup: Why Pretty But Broken Websites Cost More Than You Think | A11yscan

guide

How to Document and Report Web Accessibility Issues

guide

European Accessibility Act (EAA): EU Digital Accessibility Requirements | A11yscan

guide

Finding Legal Support for Web Accessibility Claims

guide

Florida Web Accessibility Laws: ADA Title III, Section 508, and Florida Standards | A11yscan

guide

Keyboard Navigation: Making Your Site Usable Without a Mouse

guide

Defending Against Accessibility Claims: Good Faith Strategies

statistics

Major 2024 Accessibility Settlements: Case Studies and Lessons

guide

Maps & Data Visualizations Accessibility: Charts, SVG, Colorblindness

guide

Mobile Accessibility: Why 40% of Your Users Can\'t Use Your Site on Mobile | A11yscan

guide

NYCHRL: New York City Digital Accessibility Rights Law | A11yscan

guide

PDF Accessibility: Tagging, Forms, OCR & Legal Requirements

guide

Platform Liability: When Third Parties Create Accessibility Barriers

guide

You Used a Template. Your Site Is Still Broken. Your Liability Is Still Real. | A11yscan

guide

SEO and WCAG: How Accessibility and Search Rankings Are Linked | A11yscan

guide

Serial Filers and the ADA Enforcement Gap: Why Disabled Users Bear the Burden

guide

The Silver Economy & Web Accessibility: Why Seniors Need Better Website Design | A11yscan

guide

Temporary Disabilities & Accessibility: Broken Mice, Injured Arms, Lost Glasses | A11yscan

guide

Understanding Your Rights as a User Requiring Web Accessibility Features

guide

Video & Multimedia Accessibility: Captions, Descriptions, Transcripts

guide

Understanding WCAG 2.1 Levels: A vs AA vs AAA

guide

WCAG 2.1 vs 2.2: What Changed and Why It Matters for Your Compliance | A11yscan

guide

You Sell Products, Not Websites. But Your Website Still Needs to Be Accessible. | A11yscan

Ready to Improve Your Accessibility?

Start with a free accessibility scan and get actionable insights immediately.

Start Free Accessibility Scan